CBSE NCERT Class 10 Notes Revision Science contains physics, chemistry and biology notes of chapter 12 Electricity topics given in textbook are part of Revision Notes for Class
Science Notes cover an overview of the main given points of every concepts and Topics in the NCERT TextBooks Class 10th Science this Chapter Notes includes topic/concepts wise explanations for all the topic provided in the book such as Charges, Electric Current , potential Difference, Circuit Resistance ohm and Resistors
Well prepared Class 10th Science Revision Notes will guidance students understand the topics ,concepts and themes covered in all the chapters of Ncert Text book of 10th
CBSE Class 10 Chapter-wise Science Notes
Charge:
There are two types of Charges
1) Positive Charge
2) Negative Charge
- Same charges repel each other and different charges attract each other
- SI unit of charge is Coulomb (C)
- 1 Coulomb means 6.24 x 1018 electrons
- An electron has negative charge of 1.6 x 10-19 C
Electric Current:
- The rate of flow of charge is called Current
- Movement of Electrons makes Current
In an electric circuit the direction of electric current is taken as opposite to the direction of the flow of electrons.
- Means if electrons are moving in Left then current is moving in Right direction
- The unit of electric current is Ampere
- I = Q
t
where I = Current, Q = Charge and t = time
- 1 Ampere current may be defined as the flow of one coulomb of charge per second.
- Current is measured by Ammeter and Ammeter is always connected in Series.
Electric Circuit:
- Closed path of an electric current is called Electric circuit.
- If the Circuit is broken anywhere the current stops flowing.
- Electricity flows in the circuit from the Positive Terminal of the cell to the negative terminal of the cell
Electric Potential:
- The amount of work done in bringing a unit positive charge from infinity to that point is called Electric Potential.
- The unit of electric potential is Voltage.
- Positive Charge move from Higher Potential to Lower
Potential
Whereas Electrons moves from Lower to Higher Potential.
Potential Difference: The power of cell/battery is called Potential Difference.
Like the cell of a TV remote gets exhausted after a few days of use.
Meaning its potential difference has reduced, new cells/ Potential difference of battery increases as it is used.
Potential Difference decreases with time.
- The amount of work done in bringing a unit positive charge from one point to another point is called Potential difference.
- Potential difference is created by cell or a Battery.
- V = W
Q
where V = Potential Difference, W = Work Done,
Charge = Q
- SI unit of Potential difference is
Volt (V)
- Potential difference is measured by Voltameter and
Voltmeter is always connected in Parallel
SWITCH OFF
SWITCH ON
Circuit Diagram:
- An electric circuit contains a cell (or a battery), connecting wires, Plug key and electrical components.
- Symbols used in Circuit Diagram
Ohm’s Law:
- The current passing through a circuit is directly proportional to the potential difference (Voltage)
- Potential Difference ∝ Electric Current
V ∝ I
V = IR
Here R is constant for the given conductor and is called Resistance.
- Ohm’s Law is valid only when temperature is constant.
If temperature changes resistance also changes
Resistance:
- Something that opposes the flow of current that is called
Resistance.
- R = V
I
- The SI unit of Resistance is ohm (Ω)
The electrical appliance which is used to oppose the
current is called Resistor.
- Variable resistance (Rheostat) is the component used to increase or decrease current without changing the Voltage.
Factors affecting Resistance
1) Length of conductor – If the wire is long then the resistance will also be high. And if the wire is short then the resistance will also be less. Low Resistance High Resistance 2) Area of Cross-Section – If the wire is thick then the resistance will be less. And if the wire is thin then the resistance will be higher. Low Resistance 3) Nature of Material - It depends on what the wire is made of. Like silver and copper have less resistance and there Tungsten has higher resistance Silver has the lowest resistance among all elements. 4) Temperature - Resistance also increases as temperature increases Resistivity - Electrical resistance of a conductor of unit cross sectional area and unit length is called Resistivity.
R = ρ
L
A
- Here, ρ (rho) is a constant of proportionality and is called
the electrical resistivity.
- The SI unit of resistivity is Ωm
- Resistivity also increases if temperature increases.
- Insulators have high Resistance and Resistivity
- Conductors have low Resistance and Resistivity
our Class 10 Science Revision Notes are ideal for quick review and effective comprehension. We've even gone over previous year's question papers to compile the most useful notes. Because it is our objective to deliver accessible and superior education, all study materials are in PDF format and can be viewed on a variety of devices. Good luck with your studies, and please contact me if you have any questions or concerns.
0 Comments