Class 10 Geography Ch 2 Forest And Wildlife Resources Notes
The notes of Chapter 2 Geography Class 10 , Therefore , we have prepared concise Class 10th Geography Notes which includes all important Concepts and points in an easy and Simple way
According to new CBSE Exam Pattern, Short Answer typ questions and MCQs Geography is one of the important subject of class 10th of the CBSE because it is a crucial sub-subject of social studies CBSE class 10 Geography notes chapter 2
CBSE Class 10 Chapter-wise Social Science Notes
Forest and Wildlife Resources Introduction -
Our Earth is home for millions of living beings, starting Microorganisms and Bacteria, Lichens to Banyan trees, Elephants and Blue Whales.
Flora - The species of Plants of a particular area.
Fauna - The species of Animals of a particular area.
Flora and Fauna in India -
- India is rich in its flora. It has about 47000 plant species
about 15000 flowering species are endemic (plants which are only found in India)
India is also rich in its Fauna. It has more than 81000 of animal species. The country has more than 1200 species of Birds.
There are 2500 species of fish, and more than 2500 species of insects.
- At least 10 percent of India’s recorded wild flora and 20% of its mammals are on the threatened list.
IUCN
The international Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural resources is the world’s oldest and largest global environmental organization, founded in 1948.
It is also called World Conservation Union.
IUCN classified Species
as -
1) Normal Species -
- Species whose population levels are considered to be normal for their survival.
Example - Cow, Buffalo, Sal, Pine, etc.
2) Endangered Species –
- These species are in danger of extinction.
Example – Black buck, Crocodile, Indian Rhino, etc.
3) Vulnerable Species –
- These are species whose population has declined to levels that it is likely to move into the endangered category soon if it continues to decline in the same manner.
Example – Blue sheep, Asian Elephant, Gangetic dolphin, etc
4) Rare Species –
- Species with small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category if the negative factors affecting them continue to operate.
Example – Himalayan Brown Bear, Wild Asiatic Buffalo,
Hornbill, etc.
5) Endemic Species –
- These are species which are only found in some particular areas usually isolated by natural or geographical barriers.
Example – Giant Panda, Andaman Teal, Nicobar Pigeon, etc.
6) Extinct Species –
- These species which are not found even after searching.
Example – Dinosaurs, Dodo Bird, Mammoth, etc.
Factors that cause depletion of the
Flora and Fauna are -
i) Creation of Railway Tracks
ii) Large-scale development of Buildings
iii) Mining
iv) Shifting Cultivation
v) Grazing and Using woods as Fuel
vi) Over Population
vii) Pollution
Factors responsible for decline in
India’s Biodiversity -
i) Habitat destruction
ii) Hunting
iii) Poaching
iv) Over Exploitation
v) Pollution
vi) Poisoning
vii) Forest Fires
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India
- Conservation preserves the ecological diversity and preserves
the genetic diversity of plants and animals.
1) The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act was implemented in 1972, for protecting habitats and an all-India list of protected species was published.
2) The central government also announced several projects for protecting specific animals. Under the Wildlife Act of 1980 and 1986, several hundred butterflies, moths, beetles, and one dragonfly have been added to the list of protected species.
3) In 1991, for the first-time plants were also added to the list, starting with six species.
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Resources
- In India, forest and wildlife resources are owned and managed by the government through the Forest Department or other government departments.
These are classified under the following categories -
1) Reserved Forests –
- These Forests are regarded as the most valuable as far as the Conservation of Forest and Wildlife resources are concerned.
- More than half of the total forest land in India are reserved forests.
2) Protected Forests –
- This land are protected from any further depletion.
- Almost one- third of the total forest area is Protected forests.
3) Unclassed Forests –
- These are the forests and wastelands which belong to both government and private individuals and communities.
- North-eastern states and parts of Gujarat have a very high percentage of their forests as unclassed forests.
Reserved and protected forests are also referred to as permanent forests, which are maintained for the purpose of producing timber and other tree materials.
Madhya Pradesh has the largest area under permanent forests.
Community and Conservation
Conservation of the forest and wildlife resources is very important.
Here are a few steps were taken by common people
1) In Sariska Tiger Reserve, Rajasthan, villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act.
2) The inhabitants of five villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have declared 1,200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav ‘Sonchuri’. Villages came up with their own set of rules and regulations which do not allow hunting. They are also protecting the wildlife against any outside encroachments.
Chipko Movement
- The famous Chipko movement in the Himalayas was one Successful attempt to resist deforestation in several areas.
- The movement has also resulted in community afforestation.
Farmers and citizen’s groups like the Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdahya have shown that adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals are possible and economically viable.
Joint forest management
- Joint Forest management (JFM) programmes have been launched by Various State Governments
- Under such programmes, village communities are assigned responsibility to protect and manage nearby forests
- The areas concerned are usually degraded or even deforested.
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