Nationalism In India Class 10 Notes History Chapter 2 pdf Notes
The notes of Chapter 2 History Class 10 , Therefore , we have prepared concise Class 10th History Notes which includes all important events and points in an easy and Simple way
Here we have given NCERT Social Science History, Geography, Civics, Economics revision notes
According to new CBSE Exam Pattern, Short Answer typ questions and MCQs
Read Also: Class 10 Social Science Reference books
History is one of the important subject of class 10th of the CBSE because it is a crucial sub-subject of social studies CBSE class 10 History notes chapter 2 - Nationalism in India ... The concept " Nationalism" Means The feeling of Patriotism
Nationalism in India
इस Chapter में हम पढ़गे की आखिर हमारा भारत कै से आज़ाद हुआ
Summary According to Dates -
• In 1857 - India’s First Freedom Struggle took place.
• In 1870 - Bankim Chandra composed Vande Matram.
• In 1885 - Congress was formed in Mumbai. W.C. Banerjee
chaired the first meeting of Congress.
• In 1905 - Lord Curzon proposed the division of Bengal.
- Abanindra Nath Tagore made a Portrait of Bharat
Mata.
3
• In 1906 - Aaga Khan and Nawab Salimullah established Muslim
League.
• In 1907 - Congress was divided into extremists and moderate.
• In 1911 - Delhi Durbar was organized.
- Bengal Division was abolished in Delhi Durbar.
- In Delhi Durbar capital was transferred from
(Calcutta) Kolkata to Delh
• In 1914 - First World War started.
• In 1915 - Mahatma Gandhi returned to India.
• On 10 April 19 17 - Mahatma Gandhi started Champaran
Satyagrah in Protest of Indigo plantation.
• On 11 March 1918 - Mahatma Gandhi organized Satyagrah
for farmers in Kheda Gujarat.
• In 1918 - Mahatma Gandhi started Satyagrah for Craftsman
of Cotton Textile mill Ahmedabad, Gujarat.
- The first World War ended on 11 November 1918.
- The British Government turned down the demand of
Self Rule of Indian.
• On 18 March 1919 - British Government gave Rowlatt Act.
• On 6 April 1919 – Hartal/ Satyagraha against Rowlatt Act
• On 13 April 1919 - Jallianwala Bagh massacre took Place in
Punjab.
• In 1919 - the Khilafat movement was started by Muhammad
Ali and Shaukat Ali
In 1920 - Mahatma Gandhi started Non-Cooperation
movement.
– Jawahar Lal Nehru going to Awadh
• In 1922 - Mahatma Gandhi withdrew the non-cooperation
movement after the violence took place at ChauriChaura.
• On August 9, 1925 - Revolutionaries in Kakori looted the train
carrying English treasure.
• In 1928 - Simon Commission came to India. Lala Lajpat Rai
was killed while protesting.
• On April 8, 1929 - Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt threw
a bomb in the assembly.
• On 2 March 1930 - Mahatma Gandhi sent letter to Irwin
• On 12 March 1930 - Mahatma Gandhi started the march
from Sabarmati to Dandi.
• On 6 April 1930 - Mahatma Gandhi broke the Salt Law and
started Civil-disobedience Movement at
Dandi.
In 1930 - Dr. Ambedkar organized Scheduled caste into
depressed Classes Association.
• On 23rd March 1931 - Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru
was hanged.
• In 1931 - Gandhi-Irwin pact was signed and Civil disobedience
movement was suspended.
- Mahatma Gandhi participated in Second round table
conference but did not get expected success.
• In 1932 - Poona Pact was signed between Mahatma Gandhi and
Dr. Ambedkar.
• In 1933 - Choudhary Rahmat Ali first coined the idea of
Pakistan.
• In 1935 - Indian Government Act was passed and regional
government was formed.
• In 1939 - World war II was started.
• In 1940 - A resolution was passed by Muslim League for
separate homeland for Muslims named Pakistan.
• In 1942 - The Quit India movement was started by Mahatma
Gandhi. He gave the slogan ‘Do or Die.
In 1946 - Cabinet Mission came to India with the proposal of
constituent assembly.
• In 1947 – Finally India got Independence.
Nationalism
- Nationalism refers to the feeling of oneness and common
consciousness that emerges when people living in a common
territory share the same historical, political and cultural
backgrounds.
- People may be speaking different languages (as in case of India)
but the love for their nation keeps them together.
Factors that led to the rise of Nationalism –
1) In Europe - Associated with the formation of nation states.
2) In colonies like India, Vietnam - Connected to the anticolonial movement.
The First World War
Effects of First World War -
1) Increase in defence expenditure –
This was financed by war loans and by increasing taxes.
Custom duties were raised and income tax was introduced to
raise extra revenue.
2) Prices of items increased –
The prices doubled between 1913 and 1918. The common
people were the worst sufferers because of the price rise.
Forced recruitment of rural people in the army was another
cause of widespread anger amongst people.
3) Shortage of foods due to Crop failure -
Influenza epidemic further increased the problem. According
to the 1921 census, about 12 to 13 million people died because
of famines and epidemic.
World War 1
The Idea of Satyagraha
Meaning of Satyagraha - It was a new mode of struggle based
on truth and non-violence.
Mahatma Gandhi’s Satyagraha
- The method of Satyagraha was based on the idea that if
someone is fighting for a true cause, there is no need to use
any physical force to fight the oppressor.
- Gandhiji believed that a Satyagrahi could win a battle through
non-violence, i.e., without being aggressive or revengeful
Starts of Satyagraha in India by Mahatma Gandhi
1) In January 1915
Mahatma Gandhi returned to India. His heroic fight for the
Indians in South Africa was well-known. His noble method of
mass agitation known as Satyagraha has yielded good results.
2) In 1917
Gandhi travelled to Champaran in Bihar to inspire the
peasants to struggle against the oppressive plantation system.
3) Then in 1917
He organized a satyagraha to support the peasants of the
Kheda district of Gujarat. Affected by crop failure and a
plague epidemic, the peasants of Kheda could not pay the
revenue, and were demanding that revenue collection be
relaxed.
4) In 1918
Mahatma Gandhi went to Ahmedabad to organize a satyagraha
movement amongst cotton mill workers.
Rowlatt Act 1919
1) The Rowlatt Act was passed by the Imperial Legislative
Council in 1919.
The Indian members did not support the Act, but it was
passed.
3) The Act gave enormous powers to the British Government to
repress political activities.
4) It allowed detention of political prisoners without trial for
two years
Gandhi’s Satyagraha against Rowlatt Act -
i) On 6th April, 1919, Gandhiji launched a nationwide
Satyagraha against the proposed Rowlatt Act.
ii) The call of a strike on 6 April got a huge response.
iii) People came out in support in various cities, shops were shut
down and workers in railway workshops went on strike.
iv) The British administration decided to clamp down on the
nationalists.
v) Several Local Leaders were arrested. Mahatma Gandhi was
banned from entering Delhi.
Jallianwala Bagh Incident
1) On 10th April 1919, Martial Law was imposed in Amritsar and
the command of the area was given to General Dyer.
2) The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre took place on 13th April; the
day on which Baisakhi is celebrated in Punjab.
3) A crowd of villagers came to participate in a fair in
Jallianwala Bagh. It was enclosed from all sides with narrow
entry points.
4) General Dyer blocked the exit points and opened fire on the
crowd.
5) Hundreds of people were killed in that incident.
Impact of Jallianwala Bagh -
People started fighting with the police and attacking on
government buildings specially in North India.
British government became more brutal, people were
humiliated and terrorized.
Satyagrahis were forced to rub their nose on the ground,
crawl on the streets, do salaam (Salute) to all sahibs (British).
Note - Seeing violence spread, Mahatma Gandhi called off the
Rowlatt satyagraha movement
4 Comments
Superb notes sir
ReplyDeleteWhenever I click on read more , the file doesn't open nor download
ReplyDeleteClick two or three times
DeleteAlakh Sir it didn't work
Delete